It is incredible how complex and sometimes organic particle systems can appear. Mathematically these can be described as a set of numerical solutions of differential equations of 3D space and time. How a particle system changes its appearance in dependence of initial values or parameters can be hard to predict. This is already the case with quite simple differential equations. The concept of causality in these deterministic systems is questioned by the huge space of possible solutions and the 3 dimensional shapes often reveal their essence as determined by Gestalt laws interacting with the perspective projection.
Having in mind that most natural processes and also human social and economic behaviour can be modelled by complex differential equation systems, there are interesting questions about which cross modal Gestalts project to the human mind.
